A BASIC GUIDE TO FIQH FOR PURIFICATION (TAHARAH, WUZU, GHUSL) AND SALAH (FIVE TIMES PRAYERS)
In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate, Praise be to Allah, Lord of all the Worlds

TRANSGRESSIONS OF HAJJ

These are of two types:

• Transgressions of the Ihraam;
• Transgressions of the Haraam – this type is not solely

restricted to the person in Ihraam (Muhrim).

The transgressions perpetrated by the Muharim are numerous.
Some are penalised by a Damm (i.e sacrificing a goat/sheep), while others are panalised by a Damm by Sadaqah which entails a charity of half Saa’ of wheat, or the cash equivalent thereof.

(One saa’=270 tolas and 7.5 tolas =87.48 grams =2.1825 troy oz.)

Others are penalised by lesser penalties such as the market values of certain animals killed. This penalty may also be increased because of erreors.

The transgressions penalised by the Damm are:

• When a mature Muhrim applies perfume to any complete limb;
• Dyes his head with Henna (Mendhi);
• Oils his hair with olive oil or the like;
• Wears fitting sewn garments;
• Covers his head for a complete day;
• Shaves a quarter of his head; or part of his body from which blood is to be occupied; or anyone from his armpits; or the pubic area; or his nape;
• Paring the nails of both hands and feet in one sitting; or pairing the nails of a single hand or single foot;
• Omitting a compulsory (Waajib) act from amongst those mentioned earlier;
• Clipping the moustache if the amount clipped equals to a quarter of the beard. If less is clipped e.g. half of  a quarter beard, then the cash equivalent of half a Damm will be imposed, etc.

The forthcoming are transgressions require the paying of Sadaqah of half a Saa’ of wheat or its cash equivalent.

• When  a Muhrim applies perfume to an area less than that of a limb;
• Wears tight fitting sewn garment or covers the head for a duration of less than an entire day;
• Shaves less than a quarter of his head;
• Cuts a single nail. This applies to every individual nail cut (i.e. half Saa’ of wheat for every nail cut) unless the total amount (i.e. sum of all the individual Saas total to the equivalent of Damm), then in this case a little less should be given as desired. For example if five finger – nails are cut individually on separate occasions, an amount slightly less than the equivalent of a Damm becomes binding;
• Tawaaf-e-Qudoom or Sadr (Widaa) is performed without wudhu. If performed in a state of Janaabat ( without ghusl) then sacrificing a goat (damm) is compulsory;
• A single Shaut (round) is omitted from the Tawaaf Sadr. Similarly, for every Shaut missed or every stone omitted at any of the Jamrats ( if the number of Shauts or stones omitted are less than three). However, if four (4) or more are omitted then the entire act of Tawaaf or pelting would be nullified and Damm may have to be given. If the value of the individual Sadaqah exceeds that of a Damm, then any small desired amount may be deducted (which is) equal to or exceed the Damm;
• Shaving another persons head, or paring his nails;
• If a person needs to apply perfume or prohibited clothing or have his head sheaved due to valid Shari reason he can either give the Damm, (three Saa’s to six poor people) or fast for three days.

The following transgressions require less than half a Saa’ of wheat as recompense.

• If one kills or louse or a locust. In this case he may give in charity any desired amount.

These transgressions are atoned by the market value of the hunted animal. Should a Hajji kill a huntable animal or bird, two knowledgeable and just people should estimate the value of the animal in accordance with its value at the place it was killed or the nearest place in the vicinity. If its value equals to that of a Hadi animal, the transgressor has two options. He may either buy the animal and slaughter it for charitable distribution, or he may purchase some wheat (or flour) to the equivalent value which should then be distributed amongst the poor at a ratio of half a Saa to every person. Alternatively (if he cannot afford this) he may fast for the some number of days as the people he had to feed (i.e. if he had to feed ten poor people, he has to fast for ten days). If there still remains a residue of less than half a Saa, it should be given in charity or a complete fast kept in lieu of it.

The value of a resultant transgression will also become obligatory if an animal is injured. Also if feathers of a bird which are not necessary for flight are removed, or the hair of any animal, or if any such limb is severed which will not render the animal totally helpless. If such an injury is afflicted which completely cripples the animal to the extent that is unable to offer any defence or escape from an adversary, then the full value of the animal will have to be paid out. The same applies to the plucking of a birds wings or breaking its egg.

The penalty of a goat will not be sufficient for the killing of a predatory animal. However, is the person was attacked by the animal and he killed it in self-defence, then no penalty is due on him. Fasting will not serve as recompense for that person who is not in Ihraam who kills a wild animal of the Haram, neither will it suffice in lieu of cutting any grass or tree of the Haram which grows on its own and was not grown by any person. Using the grass of the Haram for grazing purposes or cutting it is also forbidden except the type of grass called Idkhir and Mushrooms.

• No penalty is levied for the killing of a crow, kite (type of carnivorous bird), scorpion, rat snake, rabid dog, mosquitoes, flee, tick, tortoise or any other animal which is not usually hunted.

Tareeqah Muhammadiyah ©