FACTORS REQUIRED FOR VALIDITY OF SALAAT
There are 29 factors necessary for Salaat to be valid:
1. Purity from major and minor impurity (also from menstruation and post childbirth bleeding).
2. Purity of the body, clothing and place of Salaat.
3. The place where the feel, hands, knees and forehead are to be placed have to be pure.
4. “Satre Aurat”- covering of those parts that are prescribed by Shariat (navel to knee for men and complete body for women).
5. Facing Qibla: a person who sees the Kaabah must face it and for those who do not see it, even if they are in Makkah, it is ‘obligatory’ only to face in the direction of the Kaabah.
6. Presence of the time of Salaat (obligatory).
7. To be firmly convinced that the time of Salaat has already started.
8. Niyyat (intention) of Salaat.
9. Saying “Allahu Akbar” (Allaah is the greatest)-“Tahrima” at the start of the Salaat without separating it from the intention (e.g. by speaking).
10. Saying Tahrima while standing, before going for Ruku (before bowing).
11. The Tahrima should be made before the intention.
12. To recite the Tahrima silently so that one cannot hear himself.
13. For the Muqtadi (one following Immam) to make intention of following the Imaam.
14. To specify which “obligatory” salaat is being performed.
15. The intention for Wajib salaat has to be specific.
16. To stand for the Farz and Waajib salaat. One is allowed to sit for Nafl salaat even without an excuse.
17. Qiraat (recitation of Quraan) even though it be one Ayat in the first 2 Rakats of the Farz salaats and in every Rakat of the Nafl sunnat and Witre salaats. There are no specified portions of the Quraan to be read for the salaat to be valid. The muqtadi should not recite anything but should listen attentively to the Immam and remain silent. If he reads any Qiraat it will be Makrooh Tahrimi.
18.Ruku (head and hips to be on equal level for males).
19. Sajdah should be made on a hard surface that can be felt and upon which the forehead remains stable and firm even though it upon one’s palm or the edge of a cloth. The place of Sajdha must be clean. It is necessary to prostrate with the hard part of the nose and the forehead. Prostration by by the nose only is not correct except if the forehead is injured, etc.
20. The place of prostration must be more elevated by more than half a cubit from the place of the feet. If so then prostration is not valid, except in huge crowds where one is forced to prostrate on the back of another who is performing the same Salaat.
21. To place the hands and knees on the same surface whilst in Sajdah.
22. To place at least some of the toes on the surface. To place only the outer position of the feet on the surface will not suffice.
23. Bowing (Ruku) must precede Sajdah (prostration).
24. To rise from Sajdah to a position close to sitting.
25. To return from the sitting posture the second Sajdah.
26. To sit for the Qaidah Aakhirah (last sitting) to the extent of time in which at least the Tashahhud can be read.
27. Performing the Qaidah Aakhirah (last sitting) after all acts of Salaat.
28. Performing all acts of Salaat whilst awake.
29. To have full knowledge of the procedure of Salaat and all its Fard aspects so that one knows the Sunnat aspects, and one does not perform a Fard with the intention of Nafl, etc.
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